Cow milk, chicken products and pork have lower global average emission intensities (below 100 CO2-eq/kg.) (At the sub-global level, within each commodity type there is very high variability in emission intensitys, as a result of the different practices and inputs to production used around the world. They are highest for beef (almost 300 kg CO2-eq per kilogram of protein produced), followed by meat and milk from small ruminants (165 and 112kg CO2-eq.kg respectively). emissions per unit of product) vary from commodity to commodity. The remaining emissions are sourced to other poultry species and non-edible products.
They are followed by pig meat, (9 percent of emissions), buffalo milk and meat (8 percent), chicken meat and eggs (8 percent), and small ruminant milk and meat (6 percent). (This figure excludes emissions from cow manure and cattle used as draught power). On a commodity-basis, beef and cattle milk are responsible for the most emissions, respectively, contributing 41 percent and 20 percent of the sector’s overall GHG outputs. Cutting across all activities and all species, the consumption of fossil fuel along supply chains accounts for about 20 percent of the livestock sector’s emissions. The remainder is attributable to the processing and transportation of animal products. Manure storage and processing represent 10 percent. In terms of activities, feed production and processing (this includes land use change) and enteric fermentation from ruminants are the two main sources of emissions, representing 45 and 39 percent of total emissions, respectively. Cattle (raised for both beef and milk, as well as for inedible outputs like manure and draft power) are the animal species responsible for the most emissions, representing about 65% of the livestock sector’s emissions. The two figures cannot be accurately compared, as reference periods and sources differ. This figure is in line FAO’s previous assessment, Livestock’s Long Shadow, published in 2006, although it is based on a much more detailed analysis and improved data sets. 
Total emissions from global livestock: 7.1 Gigatonnes of Co2-equiv per year, representing 14.5 percent of all anthropogenic GHG emissions. Eventually one of the team members creates a pull request and we then have a process by which we agree on the merging of the PR.By the numbers: GHG emissions by livestock Once we are happy with the state of the discussion and are ready to make a change to the specification we move the discussion to a GitHib issue and start working on details of the pull request. We first discuss ideas in the discussions tab. We work entirely through GitHub, our GitHub repo is here. Our aim is to ensure all members agree on all changes to the specification, in the case where we cannot reach consensus we hold a vote. This project works via consensus and voting. Neutralisations such as carbon offsets do not reduce an SCI score. Carbon intensity software#
Reducing an SCI score is only possible through changes to a software system to use less physical hardware, less energy, or consume lower-carbon energy sources.
The product or service may be running in any environment, whether a personal computer, private data center or a hyperscale cloud. It is possible to calculate an SCI score for any software application, from a large distributed cloud system to a small monolithic open source library, any on-premise application or even a serverless function.
It is a score rather than a total lower numbers are better than higher numbers, and reaching 0 is impossible. The purpose is to help users and developers make informed choices about which tools, approaches, architectures, and services they use in the future. The Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) Specification defines a methodology for calculating the rate of carbon emissions for a software system.
"If you can't measure it, you can't improve it." - Peter Drucker
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